ABSTRACT
Background: Assessment of nuclear morphology is crucial for the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) constitute a heterogenous group of lymphoid neoplasms that vary in clinical behavior, histology, immunology and genetic profile. The diversity makes it difficult to diagnose accurately and reproducibly under light microscopy. The nuclear features play a major role in categorizing non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted for a period of two years in the Department of Oral Pathology, MNR dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India. We encountered only three cases of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and so we have borrowed the some Sridhar Reddy Erugula, P. Sujatha, Ayesha Sameera, B. Suresh Reddy, Jesudass Govada, G. Sudhakar, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Nuclear morphometric study of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). IAIM, 2016; 3(5): 58-63. Page 59 specimens of NHL from other hospitals in Hyderabad, India. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stained histological sections were selected and assessed for nuclear area, perimeter and nuclear size of 40 nuclei of tumour cells were measured using the Windows® based image analysis software Results: Total number of cases in our study was 15. The mean nuclear area, perimeter and nuclear size of neoplastic cells were studied. In our study, the mean nuclear area, perimeter and nuclear size of neoplastic cells were significantly high in large cell lymphomas as compared to intermediate cells and small cell lymphoma. P value was significant. Conclusion: Our study supports the assumption that nuclear morphometry offers a more objective and reproducible diagnostic method for subcategorizing lymphoid tumors than is currently possible by conventional histopathological techniques.
ABSTRACT
Intravenous regional anesthesia requires a tiny practice to obtain good results and proves economical. We evaluated the efficacy of fentanyl (1 µg/kg) and pancuronium (0.5 mg) in lower doses with 0.25% lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg) for intravenous regional anesthesia for upper limb surgeries for a period not exceeding one hour, additionally we also compared the above study with standard Bier's block i.e. intravenous regional anaesthesia with 0.5% lidocaine (0.5 mg/kg body weight). This study was conducted in a medical college government general hospital, in Andhra Pradesh over the period of 3 years during 2001 to 2004. Fifty patients belonging to ASA grade I and grade II undergoing upper limb surgery were selected. Patients were included if they were undergoing upper limb surgeries for a period not exceeding one hour. These patients were assigned in a randomized, double fashion to two groups: Group A received 0.6 ml/kg of 0.5 % lidocaine (3 mg/kg) and Group B received 0.6 ml/kg of 0.25 % lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) plus fentanyl (1 µgm/kg) and pancuronium (0.5 mg). The patients were observed for two hours after the release of the tourniquet for any complications like bradycardia, hypotension, and convulsions etc. The present was compared with standard Bier's block, i.e., 0.5% Bakkireddy Srinivasulu Reddy, P. Narasimha Reddy. Triple drug intravenous regional anesthesia is safe and equally effective (0.25% lignocaine plus 1 µg/kg fentanyl + 0.5 mg pancuronium) as compared to standard Bier's block (0.5% lignocaine). IAIM, 2016; 3(6): 82-87. Page 83 lidocaine (3 mg/kg body weight). Data was presented as Mean±SD, actual numbers and percentages and analyzed using SPSS version 16. In this study, 50 patients undergoing various upper limbs, surgeries were given intravenous regional anesthesia which included 38 males and 12 females. The postoperative analgesia was slightly greater in Group B compared to Group A. The onset of sensory and a motor blockade were earlier in Group A patients when compared to Group B patients. Short delay observed with this new method in the onset of sensory and motor blockade should be noted and the start of surgical procedures delayed until 15-20 minutes after tourniquet inflation. There was no difference in the quality of analgesia and muscle relaxation between two groups. The triple combination of lidocaine, fentanyl and pancuronium can be considered as is safe and effective since the dose of lignocaine can be reduced to a non-toxic level with the same quality of anesthesia. However, the limiting factor in this new technique is a short delay in the onset of sensory and motor blockade compared to standard Bier's block.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Paraphynylenediamine (PPD) in hair dye causes angioneurotic edema leading to acute respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis, i.e. necrosis of skeletal muscle resulting in acute renal failure and liver injury upon ingestion. We studied the time course of treatment on organ damage markers such as plasma Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Total leukocyte count (TLC) of these patients till discharge. Materials and methods: We reviewed the case records of 10 Patients of suicidal hair dye poisoning. Data was collected in pre-specified data collection forms regarding WBC count, CPK levels, age, gender, time to index admission, ventilator support, the volume of ingestion and outcome. We followed the values of CPK and TLC of these patients till discharge. Results: The average age was 25.8±10.5, the mean volume of consumption of hair die was 102.5±17.5, and time to reach emergency room was 7.6±3.2 hours. On arrival, all patients were intubated and received gastric lavage, antihistamines, parenteral steroids, and sodium bicarbonate. Duration of ventilator support was 2.9±0.7 days and length of hospital stay was 10.1±2.7 days. At admission, CPK, TLC, and LDH were elevated, during hospital stay values CPK, LDH and TLC gradually decreased by day-5 after that they showed a marginal increase by day-7. Conclusion: We observed significantly elevated levels of CPK, LDH and TLC at index admission after oral ingestion of hair dye suggesting muscle, hepatic and hematological injury. The rate of decline of these values (recovery) is parallel.
ABSTRACT
Background: In this clinical study, 20 cases of intracapsular fracture neck of femur in elderly patients of age 60 years and above were treated by hemiarthroplasty using cemented bipolar endoprosthesis. This study was conducted at the Dept. of Orthopedics, Sri Siddhartha Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, between October 2010 and March 2012. The results and follow-up were evaluated. Material and methods: The cases were followed-up for 6 months and the short-term functional results were analyzed by using modified Harris hip scoring system. Results: At the end of 6 months after surgery, the functional results were analyzed in 20 cases. All patients were in the age group of 60-82 years with mean average age of 75 years. Thirty-five percent of the patients had a Garden type III fracture radiologically, while 60% had a Garden type IV and one patient was diagnosed with a nonunion fracture neck of femur. In 75% of cases, the mode of injury was trivial trauma. Some of the complications observed were superficial infection of the wound or a limb length discrepancy, following the procedure. There were 50% excellent results and 30% good results. Conclusions: The success of hemiarthroplasty no doubt depends on preoperative planning and proper attention to surgical details to achieve the optimum biomechanical stability. This study showed that the final functional outcomes were dependent on the presence of associated comorbidities and the optimum postoperative rehabilitation of the patient following surgery.